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BOX

                      ILLUSTRATION                     

GO

  Let us look at the typical /etc/passwd file printed above:

   root:sfshnNwQSjnpE:0:0::/:/bin/sh

   cron:X:1:2::/:

   admin::2:0::/:/bin/adminsh

   bin:X:3:3::/:

   uucp::4:4::/usr/spool/uucp:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico

   network:X:7:7::/usr/spool/micnet:

   yori:nRfPQoxTi52WI:101:100::/usr/yori:/bin/sh

   michael:WCSLzdMC9uvsE:102:100::/usr/miked:/bin/sh

   guest::150:200::/usr/demo:/bin/rsh

The login names are in the first field, that is,

preceding the first :.

   root:sfshnNwQSjnpE:0:0::/:/bin/sh

   cron:X:1:2::/:

   admin::2:0::/:/bin/adminsh

   bin:X:3:3::/:

   uucp::4:4::/usr/spool/uucp:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico

   network:X:7:7::/usr/spool/micnet:

   yori:nRfPQoxTi52WI:101:100::/usr/yori:/bin/sh

   michael:WCSLzdMC9uvsE:102:100::/usr/miked:/bin/sh

   guest::150:200::/usr/demo:/bin/rsh

The passwords are in the second field (in a scrambled

or encrypted form:                 

   root:sfshnNwQSjnpE:0:0::/:/bin/sh

   cron:X:1:2::/:

   admin:nRfNwQjn34SW:2:0::/:/bin/adminsh

   bin:sfWCLz954iX:3:3::/:

   uucp::4:4::/usr/spool/uucp:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico

   network:X:7:7::/usr/spool/micnet:

   yori:nRfPQoxTi52WI:101:100::/usr/yori:/bin/sh

   michael:WCSLzdMC9uvsE:102:100::/usr/miked:/bin/sh

   guest::150:200::/usr/demo:/bin/rsh

 Note that the users uucp, network and

 guest have no passwords!

The 3rd field in the file is the user ID field.  The 

users with lower user IDs have higher privileges.  All user 

IDs must be distinct!                               

   root:sfshnNwQSjnpE:0:0::/:/bin/sh

   cron:X:1:2::/:

   admin:nRfNwQjn34SW:2:0::/:/bin/adminsh

   bin:sfWCLz954iX:3:3::/:

   uucp::4:4::/usr/spool/uucp:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico

   network:X:7:7::/usr/spool/micnet:

   yori:nRfPQoxTi52WI:101:100::/usr/yori:/bin/sh

   michael:WCSLzdMC9uvsE:102:100::/usr/miked:/bin/sh

   guest::150:200::/usr/demo:/bin/rsh

The 4th field is the group ID field.  More

than one user may belong to one group!                 

   root:sfshnNwQSjnpE:0:0::/:/bin/sh

   cron:X:1:2::/:

   admin:nRfNwQjn34SW:2:0::/:/bin/adminsh

   bin:sfWCLz954iX:3:3::/:

   uucp::4:4::/usr/spool/uucp:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico

   network:X:7:7::/usr/spool/micnet:

   yori:nRfPQoxTi52WI:101:100::/usr/yori:/bin/sh

   michael:WCSLzdMC9uvsE:102:100::/usr/miked:/bin/sh

   guest::150:200::/usr/demo:/bin/rsh

Note that users yori and michael                 

belong to the same group!                                  

The 5th field may contain any data                 

and is usually filled with pertinent                 

information about the user.                 

   root:sfshnNwQSjnpE:0:0::/:/bin/sh

   cron:X:1:2::/:

   admin:nRfNwQjn34SW:2:0::/:/bin/adminsh

   bin:sfWCLz954iX:3:3::/:

   uucp::4:4::/usr/spool/uucp:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico

   network:X:7:7::/usr/spool/micnet:

   yori:nRfPQoxTi52WI:101:100::/usr/yori:/bin/sh

   michael:WCSLzdMC9uvsE:102:100: M. Deutsch:/usr/miked:/bin/sh

   guest::150:200::/usr/demo:/bin/rsh

Note that in many instances no information                 

is contained in the information field!                 

The 6th field is the login or home directory field.

   root:sfshnNwQSjnpE:0:0::/:/bin/sh

   cron:X:1:2::/:

   admin:nRfNwQjn34SW:2:0::/:/bin/adminsh

   bin:sfWCLz954iX:3:3::/:/bin/sh

   uucp::4:4::/usr/spool/uucp:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico

   network:X:7:7::/usr/spool/micnet:

   yori:nRfPQoxTi52WI:101:100::/usr/yori:/bin/sh

   michael:WCSLzdMC9uvsE:102:100:M. Deutsch:/usr/miked:/bin/sh

   guest::150:200::/usr/demo:/bin/rsh

The last field is the login shell,            

the shell to use when the user first logs on.            

   root:sfshnNwQSjnpE:0:0::/:/bin/sh

   cron:X:1:2::/:

   admin:nRfNwQjn34SW:2:0::/:/bin/adminsh

   bin:sfWCLz954iX:3:3::/:/bin/csh

   uucp::4:4::/usr/spool/uucp:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico

   network:X:7:7::/usr/spool/micnet:

   yori:nRfPQoxTi52WI:101:100::/usr/yori:/bin/sh

   michael:WCSLzdMC9uvsE:102:100:M. Deutsch:/usr/miked:/bin/csh

   guest::150:200::/usr/demo:/bin/rsh

Note that for most users the login shell is either           

sh or csh.  On the other hand, the           

login shell for the guest is /bin/rsh and           

for uucp is /usr/lib/uucp/uucico.