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Adding Devices|Topics to Learn|1-0|14,55
# Topic
--- -------
1 - Introduction
2 - Serial vs. Parallel Devices
3 - How to Add a Terminal
4 - Connecting the Hardware
5 - Modifying Terminal Initialization Files
6 - Setting the Terminal Type
7 - Activating the Terminal
8 - How to Add a Printer
8 - How to Add a Serial Printer
9 - Managing Printers
10 - Adding Parallel Devices
0 - Return to the Main Menu
P22
Adding Devices|How to Add a Serial Printer|1-8.1|12,60
These are the steps involved in adding a new serial
printer to your system:
1. Connect the printer to a serial port on the back
of your computer.
2. Edit the /etc/printcap file (a database describing
all printers directly and indirectly accessible) to
include the printer.
3. Create a subdirectory for the printer in the /usr/spool
directory.
4. Kill off the line printer daemon and restart it.
5. Check permissions and ownerships of the relevant files.
Adding Devices|How to Add a Printer|1-8.1|6,56
To add a new serial or parallel printer to your
system you must use the /usr/lib/lpadmin program to
change the off-line printer configuration and modify
the off-line printer interface program.
P23
Adding Devices|How to Add a Printer|1-8.2|14,62
The utility for changing the off-line printer configuration
as well as the utility for modifying the off-line printer interface
program is:
/usr/lib/lpadmin
lpadmin lets you: add new printers, both serial
and parallel, specify the printer filter program, specify
the associated special device file like /dev/lp2, specify
the destination printers, etc.
UNIX users may use the interactive shell
script lpinit for easier printer setup. lpinit calls
lpadmin with parameters you specify.
Adding Devices|How to Add a Serial Printer|1-8.2|12,54
After you have connected your serial printer to a
serial port on the back of your computer, you have to
edit the /etc/printcap file.
This file is a database describing printers. It
should contain a descriptive entry for each printer
directly attached to your system or accessible across
a network. Fields in an entry are separated by colons.
The syntax rules are strict regarding blank spaces and
line continuations, so see your User's Manual for a
more elaborate description if you have any problems.
P24
Adding Devices|How to Add a Printer|1-8.3|14,56
The command to specify that you are adding a
printer whose name is lp3, that is connected to the
device /dev/tty11 and whose filter program is hpjet is:
/usr/lib/lpadmin -plp3 -v/dev/tty11 -ihpjet
NOTE: hpjet would be located in the
/usr/spool/lp/interface directory.
The command to specify that the printer lp1
is the default printer is:
/usr/lib/lpadmin -dlp1
Adding Devices|How to Add a Serial Printer|1-8.3|15,75
Let's look at the entry for a PostScript laser printer:
laser1|cti|CTI|LASER1|postscript|PostScript:lp=/dev/laser1:\
sd=/usr/spool/laser1:br#9600:fs#0000003:fc#0000374:of=/local/lib/ps/psof:\
lf=/usr/adm/lpd-errs:tf=/local/lib/ps/pstf:af=/usr/adm/laser1.acct
The first field lists all of the possible names for the printer
separated by a |. One and only one printer MUST have the name lp
included. Subsequent fields are introduced by a two character code
with the following forms:
character code#value
or
character code=string
We'll look at some of those capabilities.
P25
Adding Devices|How to Add a Serial Printer|1-8.4|12,56
Next you'll need to create a subdirectory for your
printer in the /usr/spool directory. Do this with
mkdir and make sure that the name of the subdirectory
is the same as the first name that you listed in the
/etc/printcap file. Using our DecWriter example,
where the printcap entry began with:
lp=/dev/ttya ...
The mkdir command would look like:
mkdir /usr/spool/lp
P26
Adding Devices|How to Add a Serial Printer|1-8.5|4,56
In addition, you should us ps to check and see if
there is a line printer daemon (/usr/lib/lpd) running.
If so, you should kill it with the kill command and
start it over again.
P27
Adding Devices|How to Add a Serial Printer|1-8.6|17,66
Finally, you need to use ls -lg to check the permissions
and ownerships for /usr/lib/lpd and /usr/ucb/lpr as
well as the files in /usr/spool/lpd. Then use ls -lgd
to check /usr/spool/lpd.
The output should match the following:
#ls -lg /usr/lib/lpd /usr/ucb/lpr /usr/spool/lpd
-rws--s--x 1 root daemon 81920 Apr 14 10:15 /usr/lib/lpd
-rws--s--x 1 root daemon 30876 Apr 14 10:15 /usr/ucb/lpr
/usr/spool/lpd:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root daemon 22 Nov 12 09:00 lock
-rw-r--r-- 1 root daemon 22 Nov 12 08:00 status
#ls -lgd /usr/spool/lpd
drwxrwx--- 2 daemon daemon 512 Jun 12 6:14 /usr/spool/lpd
P28
Adding Devices|Managing Printers|1-9.1|10,56
When your system has more than one printer, you
can move unprinted requests from the originally
specified printer to another.
The command for moving printer requests between
printing destinations is lpmove. For example, the
command to move a print request with id result-232
to a printer named laser is:
/usr/lib/lpmove result-232 laser
Adding Devices|Managing Printers|1-9.1|10,56
The lpr command will enter a printing job into the
local queue and notifies lpd (the line printer daemon)
that there is a new job in the spooling area. The job
is either scheduled to be printed locally or is forwarded
to the appropriate machine. The job remains in the queue
until it is printed, even if the printer is down.
The syntax for lpr is:
lpr -Pprinter -#number copies [options] filename(s)
P29
Adding Devices|Managing Printers|1-9.2|9,56
When several printers on the system have common
characteristics, they are referred to as being in the
same class.
To have a print request accepted for a class of
printers named class2, use the command:
/usr/lib/accept class2
Adding Devices|Managing Printers|1-9.2|11,60
The lpq command displays the printing queue, with a single
line of output per queued job reporting the user's name,
current rank in the queue, filenames comprising the job,
the job identifier number and the size of the job in bytes.
For example:
%lpq
Rank Owner Job Files Total Size
active joe 87 /tmp/man132 3168 bytes
1st mary 88 /usr2/mary/report 7257 bytes
2nd jane 89 /usr2/jane/letter 450 bytes
P30
Adding Devices|Managing Printers|1-9.3|10,54
To prevent print requests from being sent to
the printer print3 because it is being repaired,
you would use the command:
/usr/lib/reject -r"print3 on repair" print3
The command for determining the acceptance
status of a printing destination is:
lpstat -a
Adding Devices|Managing Printers|1-9.3|10,57
The lprm command will delete spooled jobs from the queue.
The syntax for lprm is:
lprm [-Pprinter] [ - ] job id number [login name]
where - requests that all jobs belonging to login name
be removed.
NOTE: Only the owner of a job or a superuser can remove
a job from the queue.
P31
Adding Devices|Adding Parallel Devices|1-10.1|13,54
Disk drives, tape drives, and high-resolution
graphic devices all transfer data at a rate much
higher than is possible with serial devices.
These devices require a proper interface program
or device driver to communicate with the system.
The device driver must be a part of the UNIX
kernel; therefore, you must rebuild the kernel
whenever you add devices which are not configured
in your current UNIX kernel.
P32
Adding Devices|Adding Parallel Devices|1-10.2|12,58
The process of adding a non-standard parallel device to
your system involves the following:
1. Create the special device file for the new device
by using mknod command.
2. Install, if necessary, the device driver software.
3. Update your system configuration file.
4. Recompile and/or relink the kernel with the new
driver and a new configuration file.
5. Reboot the system. If you made no mistakes in the
configuration file, your new system should be
functional.
Adding Devices|Adding Parallel Devices|1-10.2|15,54
The process of adding a non-standard parallel device
to your system is rather involved. Here is an overview.
We suggest you study your system administrators manual
before attempting this.
1. Create the special device file for the new device
by using MAKEDEV command in the /dev directory.
2. Install, if necessary, the device driver software.
3. Modify the kernel by making a copy of the existing
kernel, then edit the copy to add the new entry.
4. Run /etc/config on the new kernel.
5. Build and install the new kernel and test it.
6. Save the old kernel and install the new one.
7. Reboot the system. If you made no mistakes in the
configuration file, your new system should be
functional.